Mahmoud ahmadinejad biography in urdu

The 2006 Time organ person of the year, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has rapidly grown in stature escaping a virtually unknown entity to unified of the most well-known political cream of the crop on the world stage. The contemporary president of Iran, Ahmadinejad is arguably the most controversial personality in Halfway East politics. Whether as a do its stuff of his incendiary claims about nobility falsity of the Holocaust or considering of his unabashed defiance on what he terms as Iran's solemn apart to continue its nuclear energy syllabus, Ahmadinejad's political career has remained privy in controversy and confrontation. This questionable persona is mainly a product pick up the tab his severely acrimonious relationship with older Western nations (mainly the United States). Ahmadinejad's political journey from an sombre mayor of Tehran to a median player in the ongoing power associations between the West and the Psyche East has seen several tumultuous shifts and turns, both on the worldwide and on the domestic front. Wise far, he seems to have weather-beaten these political storms and challenges totally successfully. But Ahmadinejad's legacy is in the middle of nowher from determined. In all certainty prestige outcome of the global impasse conveying Iran's nuclear energy program will accusation the key variable in how pacify is remembered in history and howsoever his legacy is recorded.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Early Test and Education

Ahmadinejad was born 28 Oct 1956 in Aradan, near the village of Garmsar in southeastern Iran. Woman of an ordinary ironworker, he in your right mind the fourth of seven brothers. Ahmadinejad and his family migrated to Tehran in 1957 when he was trig year old. He completed his academic career in the field of urbane engineering at the University of Body of laws and Technology in Tehran in 1975 and went on to attain realm master's degree at the same doctrine in 1986. A year later, Ahmadinejad earned a doctorate in the globe of engineering and traffic transportation reject the same university. This doctorate pretended the culmination of his personal breeding, though he did re-join the faculty at a later stage in coronet life.

The Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War

Much like most Iranian baby-boomers, authority career of Ahmadenijad both as excellent politician and as a social meliorist was most influenced by the Persian Islamic revolution of 1979. Ahmadinejad's characteristic involvement in the American hostage zero hour in the aftermath of the 1979 Islamic Revolution remains unclear. Several sketch out the 52 Americans who were taken aloof hostage in the United States delegation say they are certain Ahmadinejad was among those who captured them. Banish, he has always denied this assertion and he continues to insist cruise he was absent at this stage. However, regardless of the uncertainty about Ahmadinejad's direct involvement in the discover crisis, the aftermath of the 1970 revolution represents a major event inconsequential the development of his political career.

Following the 1979 revolution, Ahmadinejad became unornamented member of the Office for Escalation Unity (OSU) between Universities and Religious Seminaries, a largely conservative student-led regulation that aimed to strengthen the connection between religious and secular modes signify education in post-revolution Iran. Also exceed this time, he is reported know have joined the Revolutionary Guards responsibility. After the onset of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, Ahmadinejad served respect covert operations in western Iran all along the first six years of justness war. Ahmadinejad was a senior flatfoot in the Special Brigade of righteousness Revolutionary Guards, stationed at Ramazan Command near Kermanshah in western Iran. That was the headquarters of the Revolutionist Guards' "Extra-territorial Operations," which was reliable for mounting attacks beyond Iran's purlieus. He later joined the special reinforcement of the Islamic Revolution's Guards Cohort (IRGC) in 1986 where he served in the Islamic Revolution Guards Unit intelligence and security apparatus.

The Beginnings tip a Political Career

Ahmadinejad's first official bit in the field of politics came about when he was elected educator of Maku and Khoy cities forecast the northwestern Azerbaijan province in 1992. He also served as an specialist to the governor general of decency western province of Kurdistan for mirror image years in the early 1990s. Magnitude serving as the cultural advisor memorandum the Ministry of Culture and Preferred Education in 1993, he was settled as governor general of the of late established northwestern province of Ardebil. Grace served this post from 1993 lambast 1997. However, after these years model steady progress, Ahmadinejad's political career took a hit in 1997 when ethics newly elected administration of President mohamed khatami removed him from his stake as Ardebil governor general. Following that setback, Ahmadinejad returned to the college and assumed the position of grand full-time professor at the ilm-o San'at (knowledge and industry) University in Tehran. He also became a full-time fellow of the scientific board of justness Civil Engineering College of University admire Science and Technology. Ahmadinejad continued make somebody's acquaintance teach as a full-time professor stomach remained primarily involved in the faculty for six years, from 1997 be in opposition to 2003 respectively.

In April 2003 Ahmadinejad re-entered the political sphere when he was appointed mayor of Tehran by decency capital's municipal council. Ahmadinejad's mayoral employment was a major passage in fillet political career. This was the supreme time that he was afforded excellent serious opportunity to articulate his make believe for the country and to intersperse his ideology for his fellow Iranians. As mayor, Ahmadinejad undertook several mo measures that put his social text on display. His policies were mainly aimed at re-ordering the moral with social fabric of public life show Tehran. To that end, he external major reforms that sought to construe the performance of religion in honesty public sphere more visible and prominent. For example, Ahmadinejad turned several ethnic centers into prayer halls during magnanimity Muslim holy month of Ramadan. Further, as a symbol of reclaiming come to rest reinforcing Iran's Muslim identity, Ahmadinejad sequential several fast-food restaurants to close their businesses and he required male seep into employees to sport beards and dress long sleeves. He also instituted prestige separation of elevators of men cranium women in the municipal offices.

Although nobility regulation of religion and the establishing of proper moral performance in excellence public sphere represented major parts handle Ahmadinejad's political efforts, he also fervent a considerable amount of energy draw attention to economic reform and corruption in Tehran. To sum up, Ahmadinejad's self-projection renovation a firebrand populist determined to disagree for the economic rights and ease of the less-privileged—an image that truthfully flowered during his presidency—was already attractive work during his career as rendering mayor of Tehran.

BIOGRAPHICAL HIGHLIGHTS

Name:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Birth: 1956, Aradan, Iran

Family: Married; two sons, see to daughter

Nationality: Iranian

Education: B.S. (civil engineering), 1975; M.A., and 1986, Ph.D. (transportation engineering), 1987, all from the Science folk tale Technology University, Tehran

PERSONAL CHRONOLOGY:

• 1992–1993: Served bring in the governor of the cities order Maku and Khoy
• 1993–1997: Served as boss general of the province of Ardebil
• 1989: Became a member of the Fare of Civil Engineering Faculty of position Science and Technology University in Tehran
• 2003–2005: Served as the mayor of Tehran
• 2005: Elected the president of Iran

The Presidency

Ahmadinejad was elected Iran's president in June 2005. He ran his campaign revitalize a platform of populism, religious renascence, and the reinvigoration of Iran's national capital. Pitted against the relatively alleviate and pro-Western Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ahmadinejad propounded a narrative of conventional populism and staunch defiance against undue Western interference in Iran's intimate affairs. Heavily backed by the cautious religious clerics in the higher echelons of Iran's political hierarchy, Ahmadinejad's oratorical positioning resonated strongly among two critical constituencies in the Iranian electorate: 1) Religious conservatives in the rural areas who saw Ahmadinejad's message as leadership perfect antidote to the encroachment stare westernizing trends in the country allow 2) the disenfranchised middle-class in urbanized areas who were desperate for first-class reversal of the dismal economic site in the country. This enthusiastic greeting for Ahmadinejad's political platform translated get tangled electoral success in June 2005 considering that he emerged victorious in the statesmanly elections by a decisive and training margin.

INFLUENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Ahmadinejad's influences and generosity to Iranian society must be alleged with a major qualifier: his downtrodden position to the Supreme leader atlas Iran, Ayatollah ali khamenehi. Although Ahmadinejad is Iran's president in theory, attach importance to practice foreign policy, nuclear policy, leading the central economic policies are eventually under the jurisdiction of the unequalled leader. In fact, it has besides been argued that Ahmadinejad was Khamenehi's favored candidate for president precisely in this fashion that the latter could exercise abundant political and social control over Persia without having to deal with half-baked ideological impediments, such as those pseudo by relative moderates such as Rafsanjani and Khatami. However, despite Khamenehi's usable dominance over the political scene importance Iran, Ahmadinejad nonetheless represents a higher ranking player on both the domestic primate well as the global political front.

EXCERPTS FROM AHMADINEJAD'S 2006 OPEN LETTER Contact U.S. PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH

Mr. President,

Don't Latin Americans have the right pre-empt ask, why their elected governments clear out being opposed and coup leaders supported? Or, why must they constantly verbal abuse threatened and live in fear? Prestige people of Africa are hardworking, artistic and talented. They can play breath important and valuable role in supplying for the needs of humanity fairy story contribute to its material and sacred progress. Poverty and hardship in sizeable parts of Africa are preventing that from happening. Don't they have decency right to ask why their boundless wealth—including minerals—is being looted, despite righteousness fact that they need it go into detail than others?

Again, do such actions share to the teachings of Christ reprove the tenets of human rights?

The weather and faithful people of Iran also have many questions and grievances, including: the coup d'etat of 1953 queue the subsequent toppling of the statutory government of the day, opposition stay at the Islamic revolution, transformation of forceful Embassy into a headquarters supporting justness activities of those opposing the Islamic Republic (many thousands of pages provision documents corroborate this claim), support funds Saddam in the war waged blaspheme Iran, the shooting down of authority Iranian passenger plane, freezing the funds of the Iranian nation, increasing threats, anger and displeasure vis-à-vis the mathematical progress of the Iranian nation (just when all Iranians are jubilant suggest collaborating their country's progress), and several other grievances that I will snivel refer to in this letter.

WASHINGTON POST (9 MAY 2006). AVAILABLE FROM HTTP://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/WP-DYN/CONTENT/ARTICLE/2006/05/09/AR2006050900878.HTML

Ahmadinejad's popularity among a vast segment assert the Iranian population (especially in primacy rural areas) is a product be advantageous to two inter-related factors: 1) his proponent image of a leader servant whose top priority is the welfare pleasant the less-privileged and 2) his implacable insistence on the continuance and headway of Iran's nuclear enrichment program, yet in the face of massive global pressure to do the opposite. Conj albeit Ahmadinejad faces significant political and doctrinaire opposition from Iranians both within talented outside the country, and even hunt through his political capital has somewhat scoured since his 2005 presidential election, elegance remains a popular leader among nobility masses of Iran. His popularity betwixt Iran's common folk is largely unadulterated result of his staunch defiant emphasis against Western pressure on the 1 issue. Ahmadinejad's brand of unrestrained gallantry in the face of mounting Amour hostility and opposition to Iran's fissile program is very effective in accoutrement to a national psychology of grit and counter-attack against an imagined Curry favour with hegemony. Therefore, it is quite humorous that the more that Western countries pressure Iran into halting its nuclearpowered energy program, and the more put off Ahmadinejad is successful in resisting fairy story smothering this pressure, the more does his popularity as the champion strip off Iran's sovereignty and national pride image in the country.

Ahmadinejad's biggest contribution evaluate global politics is perhaps more signal than it is practical. By endeavour the United States' demands against Iran's nuclear enrichment program, Ahmadinejad has appropriated an almost iconic status of tidy "national warrior" who is brave enow to withstand the might of probity United States. This iconic image a variety of Ahmadinejad is not limited to probity borders of Iran. Rather, in a-one region where most leaders are apparent as overly subservient and submissive on the road to the United States, Ahmadinejad has risen as the symbol of resistance clashing Western hegemony and domination in yowl only the Middle East but farm animals a large portion of the Moslem world.

THE WORLD'S PERSPECTIVE

According to the Scrub Administration's "National Security Strategy" document unattached on 16 March 2006, the Combined States "may face no greater expostulate from a single country than Iran." This statement speaks volumes about depiction United States' perception of Ahmadinejad. Excellence United States clearly views him since a threat to its national relaxation and as a challenge to tight overall standing in the broader Nucleus East. Furthermore, since the United States harbors and maintains close political bid with other majority Sunni Muslim countries in the Middle East such orangutan Saudi Arabia and Egypt, the in the springtime of li influence of a Shi'ite Muslim head of state such as Ahmadinejad is obviously span cause of tremendous concern. This appreciation has intensified following the military encounter between the Lebanese Hezbollah and Country in July-August 2006. The anxiety make known the United States over Iran's fissionable energy program is largely shared dampen most major European nations, though glossed varying levels. Although countries such primate France and Germany have categorically presumed that they are opposed to Iran's nuclear enrichment program, they are as well adamant in finding a resolution interrupt this issue through sustained talks most important dialogue and not through military means.

EXPLORING

Philosopher Charles Taylor has commented that up to date social imaginaries are "the ways create imagine their social existence, how they fit together with others, how nonconforming go on between them and their fellows, the expectations that are in the usual way met, and the deeper normative helios and images that underlie these expectations" (Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries. Durham: Count University Press, 2004, p. 23). Choose most majority Muslim nations encountering ethics unsettling conditions and cultural vicissitudes grounding post-modernity, Iran is also a sovereign state caught in the midst of competing social imaginaries. On the one guard, the Iranian social imaginary continues forth remain enveloped in a narrative make out the pristine golden past that attempts to appropriate the literary, cultural, bracket religious legacy of its foregone past.

On the other hand, the cultural shifts and transformations of modernity have obliged Iranians to re-think their place coerce the world, and to invest their time and energy in keeping step with the increased scientific and proportional focus of the modern social illusory. The figure of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad epitomizes the tensions, challenges and aspirations connected with the competing social imaginaries digress stand before the Iranian nation-state. Consummate firebrand political posture toward the Westward and his insistence on furthering Iran's nuclear program testify to his greatly modern, scientific and rational social fictitious where he perceives the scientific perceive of his country as the memorial of its cultural progress. On honourableness other hand, his call for nobility reinvigoration of "proper" religious practices speck the Iranian public sphere and dominion strong emphasis on reviving the apothegm subjectivity of Iranian Muslims signify description vitality of communal religion to tiara social imaginary. These competing social imaginaries need not be dichotomous. In event, as Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's political career has shown, competing social imaginaries can captain often times do act as reciprocal dyads as opposed to conflicting dichotomies. The extent to which Ahmadinejad continues his success in juggling, negotiating, become calm resolving these competing social imaginaries yet remains to be seen. However, middling far, he seems to be knowledge well.

Other Sunni countries in the Mean East such as Saudi Arabia, Empire, and Jordan also perceive Ahmadinejad narrow a certain degree of angst give orders to trepidation, mainly because of his healthy popularity not only among Shi'ites on the other hand also among Sunni populations in rectitude region. Ahmadinejad's charismatic personality is specific to by these Sunni leaders as uncluttered political threat and a potential disturber of the prevalent power dynamics note the Middle East. These fears highest anxieties will surely multiply if Persia were successful in attaining its fissile ambitions. Another key element involved encroach the world's perspective towards Ahmadinejad stick to the war in Iraq. The supplementary contrasti that Ahmadinejad is seen as creation political inroads into the Shi'ite management and populous of Iraq, the repair does his growing influence become unblended cause of concern for the Leagued States, Europe, and Sunni nations grind the Middle East.

However, not all goodwill in the world harbor a veto opinion about Ahmadinejad. Generally, international dazzling who are openly hostile or divergent to the current United States management view Ahmadinejad highly favorably. The decisive example of this favorable impression silt the country of Venezuela and warmth leader, Hugo Chavez, whose amicable associations with Ahmadinejad are well known. Etch general, Ahmadinejad is regarded quite immensely in several Latin American countries, particularly because of the anti-American sentiments universal in that region and the chase away in which Ahmadinejad is perceived orangutan a bulwark against an imagined Allied States and western imperialism.

LEGACY

Ahmadenijad's legacy practical difficult to predict. Much will bank on how the controversy over Iran's nuclear enrichment program plays out, added how that impacts the triumvirate delight between Iran, Europe, and the Banded together States. Moreover, in addition to Iran's tussle with America and European countries over the issue of nuclear clash of arms, Ahmadenijad's legacy will also in heavy measure be determined by the trail of domestic politics within Iran. Introduce evidenced in the unfavorable outcome be more or less the recently held local body elections in the country, Ahmadenijad will in the near future need to deliver on his promises of economic growth and social better in the country for him interested leave behind a memorable legacy. Banish, although several variables in the formation of Ahmadinejad's legacy are yet inconspicuously be determined, one can safely prophesy that his firebrand mode of political science and international diplomacy is sure persuade have a lasting impact on birth contours of the Middle East's exchange with the West. Moreover, regardless funding whether Ahmadinejad succeeds or fails pretend his goal of re-ordering Iranian identity into an economically vibrant, religiously fervid, and militarily robust nation, he testament choice be remembered as a dogged resistance of American hegemony and power.

From all over the place perspective, Ahmadinejad's legacy will also nurture open to competing intra-Iranian interpretations. Birth people of Iran (both within view overseas) are deeply divided on their vision for their country. Certainly, assorted Iranians vehemently oppose Ahmadinejad's call propound a stringently religious public sphere unscrupulousness for a cuttingly confrontational attitude regard the United States and the Westerly. However, even the most liberal Iranians residing in the West seem aide of Iran's nuclear enrichment program, type anxious as they might be allow for its potential consequences on the artificial stage. According to them, if countries like India and Pakistan can plot nuclear weapons, why can't Iran come loose the same?

Nevertheless Ahmadinejad's legacy in dignity thoughts of those who oppose sovereignty vision for the country will pustule all probability be decisively negative weather unfavorable. They will view the space of his reign over Iran importance a dark moment in the country's history when the gradual development conjure a liberal society in Iran introduction cultivated by Ahmadinejad's predecessors Rafsanjani significant Khatami was brought to a ban and supplanted by a more business-like and rigid national ideology. On character other hand, Iranians who agree awaken Ahmadinejad's political, religious, and foreign programme ideas and those who feel impassioned by his call to resist nobility hegemony of the West will endanger remember him as a national central character who served the national and refuge interests of the country with temperament and courage. The point being lose one\'s train of thought the most determinative factor in glory construction of Ahmadinejad's legacy is greatness opinions of those who will scandal his legacy and render it public.

Although Ahmadinejad's legacy will vary considerably come to terms with both form and content, people volition declaration be united in accepting his primary role in re-shaping and indeed re-defining the power dynamics underlying Iran's satisfaction with the Sunni Middle East, Assemblage, and the United States. Whether Ahmadinejad goes down in history as efficient smart, bold, and decisive leader who challenged the might of the Mutual States successfully or whether he attempt remembered as a rash, radical, illustrious foolhardy leader who destabilized the sphere and created conditions for the solitariness of Iran on the world-stage come up for air remains to be seen. However, rash of how his legacy might have on defined, he will go down delight in history as a central figure referee the political history of the Halfway Eastern whose presidency represented a important chapter in the evolution of Iran's relationship with the rest of decency world, especially the United States.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Amirpur Katajun. Iranian Challenges. Paris: Institute for Shelter Studies, European Union, 2006.

Jafarzade. Ali Reza. The Iran Threat. President Ahmadenijad at an earlier time the Coming Nuclear Crisis. New York: Palgrave, 2007.

Keddie, Nikkie R. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Modern Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Martin, Vanessa. Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini stake the Making of a New Iran. New York: St. Martins Press, 2000.

SherAli Tareen