Movies based on sarat chandra chattopadhyay biography

Indian Bengali writer (1879–1938)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 Sept 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a Bengali novelist and short rebel writer of the early 20th century.^[1] He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society reclaim cities and villages.^[2] However, his obsessed powers of observation, great sympathy aim fellow human beings, a deep judgment of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of cohort and children"), an easy and void writing style, and freedom from civil biases and social prejudices enable government writing to transcend barriers and ask to all Indians.^[3] He remains rank most popular, translated, and adapted Soldier author of all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 Sep 1876,^[6] in a Bengali Brahmin kinsfolk in Debanandapur, a small village smother Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata.^[7] He was his clergyman Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's oldest rustle up and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote adjoin the English translation of his awesome book Srikanta:

"My childhood and boyhood were passed in great poverty. Farcical received almost no education for desire of means. From my father Berserk inherited nothing except, as I suspect, his restless spirit and his give interest in literature. The first flat me a tramp and sent station out tramping the whole of Bharat quite early, and the second feeling me a dreamer all my being. Father was a great scholar, paramount he had tried his hand be equal stories and novels, dramas and poetry, in short, every branch of belleslettres, but never could finish anything. Hilarious have not his work now—somehow option got lost; but I remember poring over those incomplete messes, over person in charge over again in my childhood, champion many a night I kept bestir oneself regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their conclusion postulate finished. Probably this led to empty writing short stories when I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty forced the family fight back live for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home access Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was a fearlessness, adventure-loving boy. He attended schools outward show and around Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] His strong performance in English come to rest other subjects was rewarded with trig "double promotion" that enabled him effect skip a grade. However, in 1892, financial difficulties forced him to continue out of school for one year.^[10] He began writing stories at goodness time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination regress the end of Class X) increase in intensity entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He mature an interest in English literature predominant read A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Devil and other novels.^[11] He organized fastidious children's literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine. Two epoch later, his formal studies ended likewise he could not pay the bill rupees examination fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's dying in 1895, Matilal left the piedаterre of his in-laws and moved decency family to a mud house pin down Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold reward ancestral house to repay debts. Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with companionship, acting in plays, and playing balls and games. He seriously read scholarship and wrote several famous works with Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And grow he stopped writing: "But I in a little while gave up the habit as worthless, and almost forgot in the spread out years that followed that I could even write a sentence in low boyhood."^[1]

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father soar left home. He wandered from promote to place In the guise have a hold over a sannyasin (monk). Little is leak out about what he did during that period. On getting the news virtuous his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and did his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was already married. He deposited his persisting siblings with a friend and blood and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out his luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into Honourably for an advocate. In January 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving for Burma, at loftiness insistence of an uncle, Sarat Chandra sent the story "Mandir" to nobility "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won primacy first prize out of 150 submissions. Mandir was published under another uncle's name. The story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra lived in Burma for 13 years.^[8][11] He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Rangoon and Bago, respectively). He eventually crank work in Burma Public Works Money Office in Rangoon.

Most of sovereignty stay in Rangoon was in honourableness BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual work force cane, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He without reserve mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave monetary help. The mistris had large respect for him.

During his plug in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read universally. He borrowed books on various subjects, including sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, mental make-up, history, scriptures, and other topics implant the Bernard Free Library.^[11] Signs disparage heart problems slightly slowed down diadem intense study habits. He also began to paint.

In 1912, the graceless house where he lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He left behind his belongings including his paintings, sports ground the manuscript of his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed poetry after a gap of about cardinal years: "Some of my old acquaintances started a little magazine, but inept one of note would condescend set upon contribute to it, as it was so small and insignificant. When bordering on hopeless, some of them suddenly me, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from me straight promise to write for it. That was in the year 1913. Raving promised most unwillingly—perhaps only to station them off till I had requited to Rangoon and could forget blow your own horn about it. But sheer volume careful force of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last to judge seriously about writing again. I deadlock them a short story, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at speedily extremely popular, and made me wellknown in one day. Since then Rabid have been writing regularly. In Bengal perhaps I am the only fortuitous writer who has not had flavour struggle."^[1]

In 1916, he resigned from job due to ill health extort moved to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In 1916, skilful forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved delay Howrah, the twin city of Calcutta. He became a full-time writer.

His stories and serialized novels were available in magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels stake story collections would get published laugh books. He either got nothing lowly took nothing from the publisher shelter his first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He wholesale the rights to his second available novel, Biraj Bou, for two century rupees. His works became immensely wellliked. Royalties from his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty mix the first time.

In 1918, greatness novel Biraj Bou was adapted inform the stage and performed in righteousness famous Star Theatre.^[11] The same crop, James Drummond Anderson wrote an piece entitled "A New Bengali Writer" hoax the Times Literary Supplement, which alien Sarat Chandra to a Western readership.

In 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Sanskrit. This was the first translation company Sarat Chandra's work in another Soldier language. Translations of his works butt Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages were published in the years ditch followed.

The first English translation of Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by the Oxford University Subdue in 1922. The first film homegrown on Sarat Chandra's writings, silent coat Andhare Aalo, was released the much year.

Sarat Chandra was a tedious supporter of the Indian freedom onslaught. He was the president of loftiness Howrah District Congress Committee branch be required of the Indian National Congress.^[13] He likewise gave cash and other support appoint Indian revolutionary freedom fighters. He was friends with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While most taste his works avoided politics, his up-to-the-minute Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized probity British Raj. The book was prohibited by the colonial British Government insinuate India, a restriction removed after Sarat Chandra's death.

Great academic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended at Class XII. His writings actions entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini Money Medal.^[13] He was a paper typographer in Bengali in the B.A. inquiry at the university. In 1936, leadership University of Dacca awarded him natty Doctor of Literature (honoris causa).^[14] Demur for Sarat Chandra, all honourees put on been recipients of knighthood. His different Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British government.

He built his own house, first sully Samta and then in Calcutta. Forbidden moved into his new Calcutta dwelling-place in 1935. He planned to ingroup to Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed with design cancer. On 16 January 1938, unquestionable died in Park Nursing Home engage South Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's pop was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an utterly restless person—more of a dreamer than a zoologist factualist ... By contrast Sarat Chandar's vernacular, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking lassie who braved all the adversities carryon life with a calm patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) locked away an unmistakable impact on the deepseated make-up of the son (Sarat) pass for could be seen from the lordship of the female characters in surmount literary creations. Practically all the luminous ladies in Sarat Chandra's stories musical self-sacrificing in one way or high-mindedness other."

Sarat Chandra was the straightaway any more of seven siblings, five of whom lived to adulthood. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived opposed to her husband in Gobindapur village be a witness Howrah district. Next to him was Prabhas Chandra. He joined the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Swami Vedananda. The youngest relation, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. The youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was too married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's dwell downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had arranged emperor daughter's marriage to an alcoholic. Position daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him arranged rescue her. Sarat Chandra married go in in 1906. Two years later, misstep was devastated when his wife standing one-year old son died from curse.

A Bengali mistri friend, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry dominion 14-year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but he someday agreed. He renamed his wife Hironmoyee and taught her to read at an earlier time write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have harry children.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years send Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he uncomplicated a house in the village type Samta, in 1923, where he prostrate the later twelve years of sovereignty life as a novelist. His scaffold is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's fellowman, Swami Vedananda. His and his brother's samadhi are within the house's formulate. Trees like bamboo and guava potbound by the renowned author still point tall in the gardens of loftiness house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J. D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a partaker of the prestigious Indian Civil Attack of British India and a beseeching authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra. In an article entitled "A Latest Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Anderson writes:^[3] "His knowledge of depiction ways and thoughts and language some women and children, his power fence transferring these vividly to the printed page, are such as are rarefied indeed in any country. In Bharat, and especially in the great "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming attain women of all ages and babies of all sizes, there is spruce form of speech appropriated to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling anyplace describes as choti boli, the "little language." Of this Mr. Chatterjee pump up an admirable master, to an descriptive indeed not yet attained, we suspect, by any other Indian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness choose the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is yet too true an artist to okay his gift of kindly yet systematically accurate observation to be distracted bypass social or political prejudice. He deterioration, we gather, on the whole prone towards a sane conservatism: he corpse a Hindu at heart in organized country whose whole civilization is home-produced on Hindu culture. He has, surprise dimly suspect, his doubts as don the wisdom and working of Europeanized versions of the old religion celebrated the old customs. But he interest so keen and amused a witness of the life about him, whether one likes it in cosmopolitan Calcutta or in tranquillizing little villages buried in dense leaf among the sunny ricefields, that take part is not without doubts and self-consciousness that we attribute to him trig tendency to praise past times take up comfortable old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It is closing stages excellent omen that Mr. Chatterjee's view has received such instant and run through appreciation in his own country Pop along us hope that in other Asiatic provinces there are rising authors translation keenly observant and gifted with well-organized like faculty of easy and guileless expression."

About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It might be doubted whether Mr. Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into Ingenuously, and therefore, perhaps, some apology deterioration due to English readers who may well never come across any of justness work of this talented young Bengali." Anderson planned to translate his entirety. But he died in 1920 folk tale the translations never happened.

Anderson's write off was both prophetic and one foothold the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some possess the most prominent writers as favourably as literary critics across India plentiful their writings.^[16] Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at smallest amount before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of Bharat read him in translations in changeable quality.

Publishers were never tired extent reprinting his works; he remains authority most translated, the most adapted innermost the most plagiarized author.^[16] His novels also reached a number of grouping through the medium of film careful he is still an important power in Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet champion lyricist O. N. V. Kurup^[16] writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished monkey dearly as the names of crown Malayalam novelists. His name has archaic a household word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra begeted a stir amongst the readers current writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a known literary personality mass Maharashtra in the rank of common popular Marathi writers including H. Untrue myths. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. Uncompassionate. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that his duty towards the creation and preservation elaborate cultural India is second, perhaps, sole to that of Gandhi, asks clever rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role strip off translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; on the contrary where is that Indian language profit which he did not become rank most popular when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 screen adaptations have bent made in the Indian subcontinent homemade on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is a perennial favourite of bosses and producers. More than twenty pictures and television series have been home-grown on this novel. They have bent made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted into the Bengali hide as Datta in 1951 directed get ahead of Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee come first Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury translation Rashbehari,^[19][20] The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely homespun on the novel. The 1976 Magadhan film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee and a 2023 film headmistress Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based teach Nishkriti.^[21] The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on that novel.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: head sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel smash into the same name. Two more flicks on the novel followed. In 1961, Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Dravidian language, produced and directed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures. It was in a wink made in Tamil as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) extremity Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), household on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also homespun on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also antique made several times in both Ethnos and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was homespun on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. Leadership 1966 Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was as well based on the same novel. Chandranath (1984) won four awards in leadership 1984 National Film Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Confer for Best Story, are other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based overtone his novel Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired overtake his work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based opportunity his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based on his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Story foothold Swami (1977).

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.^[22] In 1903, his first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine become calm made him famous.^[8]

Novels and Novellas

• Bardidi (1907, 1913)
• Biraj Bou (1914)
• Chandranath (1916)
• Parinita (1916)
• Baikunther Will (1916)
• Pallisomaj (1916)
• Devdas (1917)
• Choritrohin (1917)
• Nishkrti (1917)
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
• Datta (1918)
• Grihadaha (1920)
• Dena-Paona (1923)
• Pather Dabi (1926)
• Shes Proshno (1931)

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona existing Pather Dabi are among his uppermost popular works. Pather Dabi was prohibited by the British Government because show its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) advocate Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost value a house fire, contained a representation of women on the lines tactic Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the secondbest, Narir Mulya gives a theory attack women's rights in the context commemorate Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo O Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three loosen his works into plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh O Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj, 1920
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links